Terminological key to study social and political thought in Russia (19th century)

Abstract

In the 19th century, the struggle of the Slavic ethnic groups for the preservation of national identity intensified. In the national consciousness of the intelligentsia, the ideas of Pan-Slavism, Austro-Slavism, and Slavophilism are being born. The aim of the study is to determine the historical preconditions for the emergence of such socio-political phenomenas as Pan-Slavism, Austro-Slavism, and Slavophilism, their conceptual articulation and use in the corresponding historical period in specific countries. The study of this issue requires the indispensable adherence to the methodological principles of objectivity, dialectical logic, consistency, as well as terminological certainty. The terms used in the discourse of the past were polysemantic. Some of them remain the same, which does not always correspond to the inner content of the events of the present time. The scientific novelty of the research consists in an attempt to analyze the relationship and evolution of the content of the named concepts, their interpretation in scientific literature, taking into account the fact that they appeared in certain historical conditions and were generated by specific individuals, and not by society. Conclusions. The sociopolitical prerequisites for the emergence in the 17th century and further development in the 19th century. These historical phenomena were, first of all, the oppressed position of the southern and western Slavs within the Austrian and Ottoman empires, as well as the infringement of national rights and the restraint of the aspirations for independence of the Western (Poles) and Eastern (Belarusians and Ukrainians) Slavs in the Russian Empire. However, neither Pan-Slavism, nor Pan-Russianism, nor Austro-Slavism ultimately led to the strengthening of Slavic reciprocity.