PERCEPTION AND FORMATION OF ARCHIVES IN LVIV AND GALICIAOF 19th — FIRST HALF OF 20th CENTURIES: EASTERN EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the archives of Lviv and Galicia in the 19th—20th centuries in the perspective of the book culture and historical memory. Methodology: principles of systematics, elements of structural-semiotic approach, methods of intellectual history, history of mentality and ideas and social history. Scientific novelty. The evolution of local archiving is considered as a consequence of the development of ideas about book culture and historical memory, about the specifics of its institutions. Conclusion. The Galician “idea of the archive” arose in medieval and early modern time. In 1772, the province of Galicia was formed in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The Austrian bureaucrats viewed the local archives as part of an all-empire archive system. The Ukrainian intellectuals concentrated on the search for “archival Rus”, the Ukrainian segment of the medieval and early modern archives. The Polish intellectuals paid attention to the archival heritage of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. For Ukrainians and Poles, this served as an element in the formation of national identity. At the same time, the archival heritage of the “Galician Rus” became an arena of the rivalry between Galician Ukrainophiles and Russophiles. In the same vein, archives of public organizations and personal archives of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries were formed, which covered a wide range of personal and family documents. During the WWI, some of the Galician archival collections were lost, and some were moved (for example, to Russia, in 1914—1915). The accession of Galicia to interwar Poland led to the transformation of the Austrian archival system in the context of the Polish state. In 1920— 1930 local Ukrainian archival studies also developed. The Second World War completely changed the fate of the region and its archives, which now has become part of the archives of Ukraine. The history of archival work in Galicia demonstrates the formation of a concept of archives, in the context of the political changes of Eastern Europe.